Diet and Supplements:
Below are supplements that have been show to be helpful in treating ADHD and other executive function challenges. These are just recommendations. Speak with Dr. Keel to learn which one might be useful for the individual patient.
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Dr. Keel loves working with patients to evaluate diet, sleep, lifestyle and other modifications to help you reach your fullest potential and live your best life!
Let Food Be Thy Medicine
https://examine.com/ for nutrition and supplement information you can trust
Supplements: Micronutrient:
omega 3 Fish oil epa >dha and about 2000mg, EPA 1.5/2 times > DHA
(total EPA 1000mg child >2000 adult ) Liquid form with lemon for taste.
vit D3 plus K (2000-5000 I/U)
vit C 500mg- 1000mg
Magnesium, (has multiple types) the one with the most study on the brain is– mag theannie 300-400mg (gaba inhibition) and even higher 1200mg for some people. Other types are very beneficial as well for stress, relaxation etc.
Zink, 25 - 50mg max (child 20-25mg) regulate dopamine
Iron(chelated iron product (review labs first if low-lower normal low/& iron stores ferritin)
B complex, B 6, B12 , (methylated B vitamins avoid folic acids that are not methylated)
DHEA (helps with testosterone) 25-50 micrograms
Quercetin 400 micrograms
inositol
L theanine 200mg
L tyrosine (precursor to dopamine) average 500mg but is a huge dose range ,
Alpha gpc 300mg up to 1200 divided tree times a day
Citicoline (aclyctal choline 1000 mg
P.E.A also precursor to dopamine Phyenylethylamine HCL 150mg 250mg neuroprotective, mood reduce inflammation and pain
neuropeptamines/neuropeptides are becoming more common
Noopept (like piracetam but more potent dose between 10-40mg
Piracetam (derivative of neurotransmitter GABA (most popular and safest nootropics 3200-6400mg to get desired effect.
Piracetam is a derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA. It’s one of the most popular and safest nootropics in the world. It boosts blood flow to the brain and is used to treat various other psychological disorders like depression schizophrenia and epilepsy.
Piracetam is a powerful cognitive enhancer that boosts concentration, energy and even increases synaptic plasticity. People with ADHD should use doses ranging between 3200 – 6400 mg to get the desired effects.
Noopept is similar in its effects and mechanism of action to Piracetam, though much more potent. A typical Noopept dose is between 10 and 40 mg. Noopept improves memory retention and recall, making you process information at a faster rate.
It helps you stay focused for longer periods of time and also has neuroprotective properties. On top of that, its side-effects are minimal. Noopept is healthy for your brain because it encourages the formation of new synapses and neurons.
L-Tyrosine is an amino acid that is synthesized within the body from phenylalanine. L-Tyrosine is important in the production of many of the body’s proteins and neurotransmitters which are linked to ADHD: epinephrine, dopamine and norepinephrine.
Studies from the 1980’s hypothesized that ADD may be a product of L-Tyrosine deficiency. Although that probably isn’t the cause, L-Tyrosine can boost focus and energy levels by increasing the production of the dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Supplements may help boost dopamine levels, including:
Tyrosine: An essential amino acid that increases dopamine levels in the brain
L phenylanlanine is another amino acid that can be converted to L Tyrosine and then dopamine
Curcumin: Increases BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels and boosts dopamine and serotonin
Theanine: Treats mental health problems like depression, anxiety, and stress, and increases dopamine levels
Vitamin D: Low vitamin D levels can increase dopamine-seeking behaviors
Magnesium: Deficiencies can lead to a decrease in dopamine levels
Mucuna pruriens: A natural source of levodopa, the precursor to dopamine, that's often used in traditional Indian medicine. Mucuna pruriens, also known as velvet bean, contains high levels of L-DOPA, a direct precursor to dopamine. This herbal supplement is widely used for its potential to increase dopamine levels and improve mood and motivation. Additionally, Mucuna pruriens has been studied for its benefits in managing symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, due to its ability to replenish dopamine stores in the brain.
Probiotics: Can positively affect your mood and dopamine and serotonin pathways in the brain
Ginkgo biloba: May increase dopamine levels, which can help improve memory and cognitive function
Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role in the synthesis of dopamine by acting as a cofactor for the enzymes involved in its production. Adequate levels of this vitamin are necessary for the proper functioning of these enzymes. Vitamin B6 supplements can support overall brain health and dopamine production, which in turn can enhance mood, cognitive function, and energy levels.
Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogenic herb that can help reduce fatigue and improve mood. It is thought to influence the balance of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, in the brain, thereby supporting mental clarity and emotional stability. By helping the body adapt to stress and reducing feelings of burnout, Rhodiola rosea can contribute to overall mental and physical well-being.
Sleep
Waking up a night? Myoinositol ~900mg or Theanine 100-400 mg
Falling asleep/ sleep latency: mg Bisglycinate or Mg-Threonate, Apigenin (derivative of chamomile) Try one for a week, then the other, then maybe both and see what works best, both is a good combo.
Melatonin lowest most effective dose, works great for some, not so great for others
Supplements
L-Theanine 100 mg 1 to 6 pills a night 1 hour before bed. Do not exceed 1,200 mg a day if using for nerve pain or anxiety during the day, as well. Excessive amounts in the day are very sedating; and/or
Herbal Sleep Combination 1 to 2 pills 1 hour before bed. Common herbs in sleep combination pills include valerian root, lemon balm, passionflower, hops, yams, wild lettuce, L-theanine, and others.
You can either take these two supplements together or use in combination with the following prescription medicines, if needed.
Prescription Medicines
Zolpidem (Ambien) 10 mg 1 pill 30 minutes before bed. Use if your primary problem is getting to sleep. It is short-acting; and/or
Trazodone 50 mg 1/2 to 2 pills 30 minutes before bedtime. Use this if your primary problem is staying asleep.
Herbal for ADHD and executive function
Ginkgo Biloba is one of the oldest trees in the world and its leaves are widely used in herbal remedies to treat cardiovascular illnesses, alleviate stress and depression.
It also helps to maintain a healthy blood flow to the brain. Ginkgo is especially useful for increasing attention spans in people with ADD and ADHD. Also, it helps those who suffer from anxiety disorders and is often used in combination with Ginseng.
rhodrola rosea (grape seed extract) Excellent for fitness and recovery (cortisol modulator)
Ginseng is one of the most widely researched and effective tonics in the world. Due to the presence of ginsenosides, ginseng is effective at relieving some ADD-related symptoms by boosting dopamine and norepinephrine levels.
Ginseng has been found to improve cognitive performance, speed of performing memory tasks and accuracy of attention-related tasks. Also, it increases overall mental energy and significantly boosts memory when taken with Ginkgo Biloba.
Ashwagandha,
pycnogenal (french maritime pine bark)
valerian,
ningdong,
Bacopa Monnieri, or Brahmi as it is called, is a marsh plant that grows in India, used for centuries to improve cognition and memory retention. It’s also an adaptogen, meaning that it helps people deal better with stress and feel socially at ease.
Whether you’re suffering from attention deficit disorder or not, Brahmi can help you focus on the task at hand while also making you feel relaxed.
passion flower.
Mushrooms such as turkey tail,
ADHD and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says | NCCIH
https://www.additudemag.com/vitamins-minerals-adhd-treatment-plan/
https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-supplements-foods-vitamins/
https://www.additudemag.com/slideshows/adhd-supplements-fish-oil-zinc-iron/
Taking curcumin, selenium, vitamin C, and vitamin E can help the liver create glutathione. Sulfur-containing foods like meat and certain vegetables can also boost production. Glutathione is a peptide found in plants and animals. It is a powerful antioxidant produced by the liver to protect the body against free radicals, peroxides, and heavy metals. Glutathione also eliminates poisons such as drugs and pollutants from our bodies.
MORE DETAILED LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS with links to studies.
USED IN
CLARITY CREATIVITY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Neurogenesis
Neuroprotection
FOUND IN
AlphaGrain™Alpha GPC 50% is a standardized form of Alpha GPC. It can be produced synthetically or naturally derived from some food sources, like eggs, dairy, meat, and fish.
WHY WE USE IT
Alpha GPC is a useable source of choline, which is used in the brain to make acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter primarily associated with learning and memory.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - The effects of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, caffeine or placebo on markers of mood, cognitive function, power, speed, and agility
Study 2 - Choline alphoscerate in cognitive decline and in acute cerebrovascular disease: an analysis of published clinical data
Study 3 - Quantitative electroencephalography changes in patients with mild cognitive impairment after choline alphoscerate administration
USED IN
ENERGY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Learning
Neuroprotection
Memory
FOUND IN
Citicoline is found in high concentrations in soybeans, animal products, eggs and fish.
WHY WE USE IT
Citicoline supports healthy cognitive function and is the building block of Acetylcholine a key neurotransmitter associated with learning and memory.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Citicoline and Memory Function
Study 2 - Citicoline and verbal memory in aging
Study 3 - Citicoline and the treatment of cognitive impairment
USED IN
LOGIC
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Processing
Visual Memory
Blood Flow
FOUND IN
Extracted from the leaves of the Ginkgo Biloba tree, which is native to China.
WHY WE USE IT
Ginkgo Biloba has been studied for it's impact on dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. Increasing dopamine supports cognitive flexibility.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cognitive control functions, mental activity of the prefrontal cortex and stress reactivity
Study 2 - Neuroregulatory role of ginkgolides
Study 3 - A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract
USED IN
LOGIC
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Alertness
Energy
Neuroprotection
FOUND IN
Theobromine is the primary alkaloid found in Cocoa.
WHY WE USE IT
Theobromine stimulates the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, which help maintain alertness and healthy energy levels. Theobromine is a molecule similar to caffeine, but has a slower onset and longer lasting effect.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Methylxanthines: the psycho-pharmacologically active constituents of chocolate
Study 2 - A study on Theobromine, and the up-regulation of cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Study 3 - A study on Theobromine and working memory (CaMKII/CREB/BDNF Pathway)
USED IN
MOTIVATION
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Motivation
Attention
FOUND IN
L-Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid found in high concentrations in meat, fish, eggs, soybeans, and cheese.
WHY WE USE IT
L-Phenylalanine is an amino acid that is a precursor of the excitatory neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Effects of tyrosine/phenylalanine depletion on electrophysiological correlates of memory
Study 2 - A study on DL-phenylalanine as an antidepressant
Study 3 - Behavioral and cognitive effects of tyrosine intake
USED IN
ENERGY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Energy
Accuracy
Visual Memory
FOUND IN
Zynamite® is a standardized extract from Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango leaves.
WHY WE USE IT
Mangifera indica has been shown to support performance accuracy, information processing and memory in select clinical trials. Mango leaf extracts have been used for centuries to support healthy energy levels.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Acute Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Leaf Extract of Mangifera indica L. (Zynamite) on Cognitive Function
Study 2 - Analysis of phenolic compounds in mango leaves varieties
Study 3 - Central nervous system activities of extract Mangifera indica L
USED IN
CREATIVITY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Mood
Neuroprotection
Stress
FOUND IN
Agmatine Sulfate is naturally produced by bacteria, plants, and human cells.
WHY WE USE IT
Agmatine Sulfate is an amino acid derived from L-arginine that has been studied for its ability to block acetylcholine receptors in the adrenal glands.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Neuroprotective offerings by agmatine
Study 2 - Agmatine, a potential novel therapeutic strategy for depression
Study 3 - Neuroprotective Role of Agmatine in Neurological Diseases
USED IN
MOTIVATION
KEY FOCUS AREAS
FOUND IN
Dynamine™ is a standardized molecule naturally found in coffee beans, tea, guarana, cocoa, and yerba mate.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies show that Dynamine™ has been found to support alertness, and maintain energy levels. Dynamine™ is an alkaloid compound that is structurally similar to caffeine.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Effects of caffeine, methylliberine, and theacrine on vigilance, marksmanship, and hemodynamic responses in tactical personnel: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Study 2 - Supplementation with Methylliberine (Dynamine®) Alone and in Combination with TeaCrine®
Study 3 - A Combination of Caffeine, TeaCrine (Theacrine), and Dynamine (Methylliberine) Increases Cognitive Performance and Reaction Time Without Interfering With Mood in Adult Male Egamers
USED IN
CLARITY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Learning
Neuroprotection
FOUND IN
Lion’s Mane Mushrooms are native to Northern United States and Canada.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown Lion's Mane may increase levels of Brain Derived Neutropic Factor. It has been studied for its ability to maintain cognitive performance and support memory.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Study on the effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus)
Study 2 - A study on Hericium erinaceus impact on Mood and Sleep
Study 3 - Study on cognitive functions by oral intake of Hericium erinaceus
USED IN
MOTIVATION
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Energy
Nerve Health
Cellular Function
FOUND IN
Methylcobalamin is a bioavailable form of Vitamin B12 that can be man-made or found in high concentrations of animal protein.
WHY WE USE IT
Vitamin B12 is known to support energy levels and is essential for nerve health. Studies have shown deficiencies in B12 can lead to decreased cognitive function.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue
Study 2 - Neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency
Study 3 - Vitamin B12 deficiency: case report and review of literature
CAMELLIA SINENSIS TEA LEAF
USED IN
CLARITY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Neuroprotection
Blood Flow
Mood
FOUND IN
Epicatechin is a molecule found in high concentration in green tea and dark chocolate.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown Epicatechin to be a potent antioxidant that can pass the blood brain barrier. Antioxidants help neutralize oxidative stress which supports healthy cellular function.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - The Impact of Epicatechin on Human Cognition: The Role of Cerebral Blood Flow
Study 2 - Green tea effects on cognition, mood and human brain function: A systematic review
Study 3 - Beneficial Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Neurodegenerative Diseases
USED IN
LOGIC
KEY FOCUS AREAS
FOUND IN
A naturally occurring phospholipid, our Phosphatidylserine is from sunflowers.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown this supplement to maintain memory formation and support the body's cortisol response.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - The effect of phosphatidylserine administration on memory and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Study 2 - Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment
Study 3 - Positive effects of soy lecithin-derived phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidic acid on memory, cognition, daily functioning, and mood in elderly patients
USED IN
MOTIVATION
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Blood Flow
Processing
Stress
FOUND IN
Artichoke leaves and roots.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown Artichoke extract blocks an enzyme called phosphodiesterase IV which supports healthy blood flow. Flavonoids like those found in Artichoke extract are antioxidants.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - The role of luteolin against cognitive dysfunction
Study 2 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Approach to Neuroprotection and Repair
Study 3 - A study on Luteolin, long-term potentiation and cognitive function
USED IN
ENERGY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Energy
Motivation
Processing
FOUND IN
TeaCrine® is a standardized alkaloid naturally found in the plant Cupuaçu, related to the cacao tree.
WHY WE USE IT
Research indicates TeaCrine® increases activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) region of the brain, which is believed to support motivation and and maintain healthy cognitive function.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Safety of TeaCrine®, a non-habituating, naturally-occurring purine alkaloid over eight weeks of continuous use
Study 2 - Cognitive Performance and Mood Following Ingestion of a Theacrine
Study 3 - The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players
USED IN
ENERGY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Cellular function
Neuroprotection
Mood
FOUND IN
Cysteine is found in most high-protein foods, like turkey, yogurt, eggs, sunflower seeds and legumes.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown NAC may increase levels of glutathione, which help regulate the neurotransmitter glutamate, as well as support detoxification.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - A study on N-Acetyl Cysteine and it's function as a Fast-Acting Antioxidant
Study 2 - Therapeutic potential of N-acetylcysteine
Study 3 - A study on N-acetylcysteine and selective protection of cerebellar granule cells
USED IN
ENERGY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Motivation
Neuroprotection
FOUND IN
Sabroxy®is a standardized extract from the bark of Oroxylum Indicum, the Indian trumpet tree.
WHY WE USE IT
Oroxylum Indicum acts as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which maintains healthy dopamine levels and supports memory consolidation.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Effects of an Oroxylum indicum Extract (Sabroxy®) on Cognitive Function in Adults With Self-reported Mild Cognitive Impairment
Study 2 - Oroxylum indicum (L.) extract and human neuroblastoma
Study 3 - Systematic Elucidation of the Mechanism of Oroxylum indicum via Network Pharmacology
USED IN
MOTIVATION
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Neuroprotection
Blood Flow
Cellular function
FOUND IN
Made from the root of a plant in the mint family, Forskolin grows in Nepal, India, and Thailand.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown that Forskolin increases cellular levels of a molecule called cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP. Forskolin maintains healthy blood flow to the brain.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Cerebral blood flow regulation and cognitive function: a role of arterial baroreflex function
Study 2 - Body composition and hormonal adaptations associated with forskolin consumption
Study 3 - Effects of forskolin on cerebral blood flow
USED IN
CLARITY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Neuroprotection
Neurogenesis
Cellular Function
FOUND IN
7,8 Dihydroxyflavone is a flavone molecule found in the plants Godmania aesculifolia, Tridax procumbens, and in Primula tree leaves.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown 7,8 Dihydroxyflavone can cross the blood brain barrier and bind to TrkB receptors. TrkB is a receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - 7,8-dihydroxyflavone as a promising nutraceutical against CNS disorders
Study 2 - 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Study 3 - 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone as a pro-neurotrophic treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders
USED IN
ENERGY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Alertness
Attention
Memory
FOUND IN
High concentrations in animal protein, dairy products, and whole grains.
WHY WE USE IT
Tyrosine is an amino acid precursor to the excitatory neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Influence of nutritional tyrosine on cognition and functional connectivity
Study 2 - Effect of tyrosine supplementation
Study 3 - A study on Tyrosine benefits cognitive and psychomotor performance during body cooling
USED IN
CREATIVITY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Energy
Neuroprotection
FOUND IN
GS15-4® is a standardized extract from Panax Ginseng, a root native to Eastern Russian, Northeast China, and the Korean Peninsula.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown the active components of Panax Ginseng, Ginsenosides, to support the expression of acetylcholine in the brain, which maintains learning and memory.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Benefits of American Ginseng on mood and cognition in healthy young adults
Study 2 - Efficacy of Omega-3 and Korean Red Ginseng in Children with Subthreshold ADHD
Study 3 - Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disea
USED IN
LOGIC
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Neuroprotection
Learning
FOUND IN
Synapsa® is a standardized extract of the Bacopa Monnieri plant. It has a wide range of active constituents that contribute to its therapeutic properties.
WHY WE USE IT
Bacopa is one of the most studied nootropics. Traditionally, Bacopa Monnieri Extract is used to support cognitive function as well as overall brain health.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance
Study 2 - The cognitive-enhancing effects of Bacopa monnieri: a systematic review of randomized, controlled human clinical trials
Study 3 - Bacopa monnieri on memory performance
USED IN
LOGIC
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Cellular Function
Processing
Memory
FOUND IN
AvailOm® is a standardized form of DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid derived from algae.
WHY WE USE IT
DHA is a complex fatty acid molecule crucial for it's role in supporting neurological development and maintaining brain health.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Omega-3 supplementation improves cognition and modifies brain activation in young adults
Study 2 - Dietary DHA and health: cognitive function ageing
Study 3 - Supplementation with DHA and the psychological functioning of young adults
USED IN
CREATIVITY
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Attention
Neuroprotection
FOUND IN
KSM-66® is a standardized extract found in high concentrations of the Ashwagandha root.
WHY WE USE IT
Ashwagandha modulates our body’s stress response to cortisol. This non-sedating modulation supports calm in stressful situations. Ashwagandha roughly translates to the “smell and strength of a horse!”
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract
Study 2 - Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha
Study 3 - Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
USED IN
CONFIDENCE
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Mood
Neuroprotection
Processing
FOUND IN
Affron® is a standardized extract from saffron, originating from the flower Crocus Sativus.
WHY WE USE IT
Saffron has been studied for it's ability to modulate the amount of serotonin available in the brain. Serotonin is a primary neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. Saffron is the world's most expensive spice. The flowers must be hand picked, and it takes approximately 70,000 flowers to harvest a single pound of saffron stigmas.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Effects of Saffron Extract Supplementation on Mood, Well-Being, and Response to a Psychosocial Stressor in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Clinical Trial
Study 2 - A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Study 3 - Saffron: A Natural Potent Antioxidant
USED IN
LOGIC
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Neuroprotection
Mood
FOUND IN
Uridine is found in foods such as fish, walnuts, broccoli, and tomatoes.
WHY WE USE IT
Uridine is needed to build the cell membrane of our nerve cells and produce choline. It also supports neurotrophic factors BDNF and NGF, which maintains healthy cognitive function.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Triacetyluridine (TAU) study on depressive symptoms, brain pH
Study 2 - Oral uridine and neuroprotection
Study 3 - Study on Oral uridine pro-drug PN401, neurodegeneration, behavioral impairment
USED IN
CREATIVITY CONFIDENCE
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Blood Flow
Neuroplasticity
Mood
FOUND IN
Zembrin® is a standardized extract of the South African plant Sceletium Tortuosum.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown Zembrin® supports serotonin which regulates mood.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin® ) ameliorates experimentally induced anxiety in healthy volunteers
Study 2 - Acute effects of Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin), a dual 5-HT reuptake and PDE4 inhibitor, in the human amygdala and its connection to the hypothalamus
Study 3 - Ergogenic Effects of 8 Days of Sceletium Tortuosum Supplementation on Mood, Visual Tracking, and Reaction
USED IN
CONFIDENCE
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Neuroprotection
Neuroplasticity
Mood
FOUND IN
A highly absorbable form of magnesium that has been shown to activate the glycine receptor, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that promotes calming effects on the brain and body.
WHY WE USE IT
Studies have shown magnesium may support mood, sleep, and fight oxidative stress.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Magnesium in drug dependences
Study 2 - The effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation
Study 3 - Study on Magnesium supplementation
USED IN
CONFIDENCE
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Neuroprotection
Mood
Memory
FOUND IN
Salvia Officinalis, more commonly known as Sage, is an herb native to the Middle East and Mediterranean areas. This herb has a long history of use in traditional medicine.
WHY WE USE IT
Sage has studied as an antioxidant and for its ability to modulate GABA neurotransmission. GABA is the neurotransmitter known for calm and feelings of relaxation.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - An extract of Salvia (sage) with anticholinesterase properties improves memory and attention in healthy older volunteers
Study 2 - Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery
Study 3 - Differential effects of the aromas of Salvia species on memory and mood
USED IN
CONFIDENCE
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Mood
Neuroprotection
Stress
FOUND IN
Shoden® is the standardized, high potency extract from the leaves and roots of the Ashwagandha plant.
WHY WE USE IT
Shoden® is a highly bioavailable adaptogen. Adaptogens mimic the body’s own stress-reducing hormones, increasing the body’s ability to recover from stress and feeling of balance.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions
Study 2 - An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Study 3 - Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study
USED IN
CONFIDENCE
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Memory
Neuroprotection
Learning
FOUND IN
DHH-B is a natural derivative of Magnolia Tree Bark and has been used traditionally in medicinal practices throughout much of Southeast Asia.
WHY WE USE IT
Magnolia Bark has been studied for it's ability to support the body’s stress response to cortisol. Cortisol is known as the body's stress hormone.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Honokiol: A review of its pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights
Study 2 - The Neuropharmacological Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol: A Review of Signal Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms
Study 3 - Anxiolytic-like effect of dihydrohonokiol following behavioural and biochemical assessments
USED IN
ENERGY CLARITY CREATIVITY MOTIVATION LOGIC CONFIDENCE
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Alertness
Energy
Attention
FOUND IN
Coffee, tea, cacao, yerba mate, and guarana berries.
WHY WE USE IT
Caffeine blocks adenosine molecules from their receptor. When this occurs more dopamine and norepinephrine are released from our neuron. Caffeine is commonly associated with with maintaining healthy energy levels.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - Effects of Caffeine on reaction time, vigilance and logical reasoning during extended periods with restricted opportunities for sleep
Study 2 - Study on the combination of L-theanine and caffeine across cognitive performance and subjective alertness
Study 3 - Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects
USED IN
ENERGY CLARITY CREATIVITY LOGIC CONFIDENCE MOTIVATION
KEY FOCUS AREAS
Alertness
Stress
Reaction time
FOUND IN
L-Theanine is found in fairly high concentrations in green tea, and can also be found in several mushroom species.
WHY WE USE IT
L-Theanine has been taken alongside caffeine for centuries to minimize jitters, so we include it in our caffeinated formulations.
HIGHLIGHTED STUDIES
Study 1 - L-Theanine and the psychological and physiological stress responses
Study 2 - Impact of the combination of L-theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and subjective alertness
Study 3 - The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood
